{"id":1445,"date":"2025-05-01T09:36:19","date_gmt":"2025-05-01T09:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zanistencivaki.org\/tr\/?p=1445"},"modified":"2025-05-01T09:36:19","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T09:36:19","slug":"hakki-tekin-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zanistencivaki.org\/tr\/hakki-tekin-4\/","title":{"rendered":"HAKK\u0130 TEK\u0130N"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Krizle gelen krizle gider\u2019.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Reel sosyalizmin tarihsel sahneye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00e7o\u011funlukla b\u00fcy\u00fck sistem krizlerinin ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00d6nder Apo\u2019nun son \u0130mral\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmelerinde dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi gibi,<\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u00a0kapitalist d\u00fczenin yap\u0131sal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc sonucunda\u00a0Sovyetler,<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u00a0sonras\u0131nda da \u00c7in, Vietnam ve di\u011fer devlet merkezli sosyalist modeller ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nder Apo\u2019nun Bu \u00f6rnek modeller \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit, B\u00fct\u00fcn sosyalist deneyimlerin varl\u0131k bi\u00e7imine dair derin ontolojik bir ele\u015ftiridir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hepsileri, bir sistem krizi \u00fczerinden do\u011fdular. Ve bu deneyimlerin, i\u00e7sel y\u00f6n\u00fc olsa da d\u0131\u015fsal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcrler. D\u0131\u015fsal krizle gelen, halk\u0131n i\u00e7inden mayalanmam\u0131\u015f demektir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, Toplumun iradesine dayanmam\u0131\u015f, bir devlet bi\u00e7imi alm\u0131\u015f anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bundan dolay\u0131, sistem krizlerinden \u2018d\u0131\u015fsal m\u00fcdahaleyle\u2019 do\u011fan her sosyalist teori, devlet bi\u00e7imini al\u0131r ve toplumsall\u0131ktan kopar. Oysa sosyalist teori ve politika, toplumun i\u00e7sel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm esaslar\u0131na yani i\u00e7ten do\u011farsa, etik, ahlaki ve politik temele dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bundan hareketle, bu devrimler, Toplumsal iradenin derinle\u015fmi\u015f bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesiyle de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya sisteminin \u00e7atlak anlar\u0131nda iktidar bo\u015flu\u011funu de\u011ferlendiren yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, militer, devlet\u00e7i, merkeziyet\u00e7i ve sava\u015f\u0131n zorluklar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillenen, bi\u00e7im alan yap\u0131lar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, toplumun i\u00e7sel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctleyemediler.<\/p>\n

Bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n ortak noktas\u0131,\u00a0toplumsal birikimin i\u00e7sel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne de\u011fil; olu\u015fan sistem krizinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iktidar bo\u015fluklar\u0131na dayanarak kurulmu\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Yani halk\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreli, ahlaki-politik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine de\u011fil,\u00a0mevcut d\u00fczenin \u00e7atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlara m\u00fcdahale etmeye dayal\u0131 bir \u201cdevrim\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nder Apo\u2019nun \u201ckrizle gelen, krizle gider\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc, yaln\u0131zca tarihsel bir tespit de\u011fil, sosyalizmin\u00a0epistemolojik, metodolojik ve varolu\u015fsal anlam\u0131na dair ontolojik bir ele\u015ftiridir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumdan, eko-sistemden, demokrasiden, kad\u0131ndan, k\u00fclt\u00fcrden, ahlaktan, tarihsel-toplumundan, zihniyet d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcnden do\u011fmayan hi\u00e7bir sosyalist olu\u015fum kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00fcretemez. Bundan dolay\u0131, demokratik sosyalizm, krizi de\u011ferlendirerek ama sadece krizlere dayanmayarak, toplumsal bilin\u00e7le, ahlaki-politik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeyle ve kad\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde geli\u015fir. Burada kriz ve \u00e7atlakl\u0131k d\u00f6nemleri, kataliz\u00f6r olabilir ama kurucu ve olu\u015fturucu olamaz. Kurucu olan, toplumun kendi ahlaki-politik iradesidir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bu tespit, ayn\u0131 zamanda bug\u00fcn\u00fcn paradigmas\u0131n\u0131n neden kad\u0131n, toplum, ahlak, ekoloji ve do\u011frudan demokrasi gibi i\u00e7sel dinamikler \u00fczerinde kuruldu\u011funu da a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Toplumun i\u00e7 dinami\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda do\u011fan her sosyalist yap\u0131, k\u0131sa vadede g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanabilir,\u00a0ama uzun vadede\u00a0toplumsal haf\u0131zayla ba\u011f kuramad\u0131\u011f\u0131, halkla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015femedi\u011fi ve de\u011fer \u00fcretemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in\u00a0kendi i\u00e7ine \u00e7\u00f6ker.<\/p>\n

Tarihte bu \u00f6rnekler \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sovyet sistemi, sava\u015f\u0131 kazansa da, e\u015fitsizli\u011fe yol a\u00e7an sorunlar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmad\u0131 ve \u00a0bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kuramad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in devrimi, halk\u0131 silahland\u0131rd\u0131, direndi kurumsall\u0131klar geli\u015fti ama\u00a0\u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftiremedi.<\/p>\n

Vietnam, emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 direndi ama\u00a0devletle\u015ftik\u00e7e halktan koptu.<\/p>\n

Bu yap\u0131lar toplumun i\u00e7sel devinimini de\u011fil, sava\u015f\u0131n dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 acil refleksleri esas alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Krizde do\u011fmu\u015f ama krizi a\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle kriz sona erdi\u011finde kendi tarihsel me\u015fruiyeti de sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nder Apo\u2019nun paradigmas\u0131 burada bir k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek sosyalizm, krizle gelmez. Halk\u0131n ahlaki, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel birikimiyle, kad\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, toplumsal bilin\u00e7le kurulur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla toplumsal devrimler, yaln\u0131zca kriz f\u0131rsatlar\u0131yla de\u011fil, toplumsal zihniyetle yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a03. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131, yani yeni bir k\u00fcresel kriz evresi, benzer bir yan\u0131lsama riski ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kriz f\u0131rsat\u0131 \u00fczerinden kurulacak her \u015fey, t\u0131pk\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00f6rneklerde oldu\u011fu gibi, k\u0131r\u0131lgand\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc krize dayanarak kurulan sistem, krize yenik d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle bu deneyimler sosyalist teori ve politikas\u0131na sahip olan t\u00fcm hareketler i\u00e7in ders \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in her zamankinden daha kritik bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yeni\u00a0demokratik\u00a0sosyalist \u00e7izgi, Devletten de\u011fil,\u00a0toplumdan ve onun \u00f6z y\u00f6netiminden ge\u00e7er, Partiden de\u011fil,\u00a0ahlaki-politik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeden ge\u00e7er, \u00a0\u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinden ve siyasal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden de\u011fil, zihniyet in\u015fas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er, sadece krize dayanmakla de\u011fil, i\u00e7sel dinamiklerin birli\u011fi olan hakikatten\u00a0do\u011fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sosyalizmin kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, toplumlarla\u00a0kurdu\u011fu ba\u011f\u0131n derinli\u011findedir. Krizle gelenin de\u011fil; ili\u015fkilenme, anlam ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlemenin kurdu\u011fu i\u00e7sel zeminle gelenin y\u0131k\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Sosyalizm, d\u0131\u015fsal krizlerin \u00e7ocu\u011fu de\u011fil; i\u00e7sel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn meyvesidir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u2018Krizle gelen krizle gider\u2019. Reel sosyalizmin tarihsel sahneye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00e7o\u011funlukla b\u00fcy\u00fck sistem krizlerinin ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00d6nder Apo\u2019nun son \u0130mral\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmelerinde dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi gibi, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u00a0kapitalist d\u00fczenin yap\u0131sal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc sonucunda\u00a0Sovyetler, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u00a0sonras\u0131nda da \u00c7in, Vietnam ve di\u011fer devlet merkezli sosyalist modeller ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nder Apo\u2019nun Bu \u00f6rnek modeller \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit, B\u00fct\u00fcn sosyalist …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-makale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zanistencivaki.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zanistencivaki.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zanistencivaki.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zanistencivaki.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zanistencivaki.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1445"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zanistencivaki.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1446,"href":"https:\/\/zanistencivaki.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445\/revisions\/1446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zanistencivaki.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zanistencivaki.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zanistencivaki.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}